Title page 1

Contents 3

Acknowledgments 2

Executive Summary 4

Introduction 5

Health and Biopharma Data in the AI Supply Chain 7

Use Cases for Health and Biopharma AI-Related Data 14

The Fractured Global Regulatory Landscape 18

Current Tensions and Future Issues 28

Conclusion and Recommendations 32

About the authors 34

Table 1. Health and Biopharma Data Components of the AI Supply Chain 9

Table 2. Exemplative Data- and AI-Related Laws and Regulations Impacting the Health and Biopharma Data Components of the AI Supply Chain 19