목차
Title page
Contents
Overview 4
Digital transformation in Europe 7
The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index 9
Where do the European Union and the United States stand in digital adoption? 12
COVID-19 and the growing digital divide 18
Digitalisation, intangible investment, innovation and firm productivity 20
Digitalisation and the labour market 23
Digital technologies foster the green transition 26
What are the barriers to digital transformation? 31
Policy implications 34
References 35
Austria 36
Belgium 38
Bulgaria 40
Croatia 42
Cyprus 44
Czechia 46
Denmark 48
Estonia 50
Finland 52
France 54
Germany 56
Greece 58
Hungary 60
Ireland 62
Italy 64
Latvia 66
Lithuania 68
Luxembourg 70
Malta 72
The Netherlands 74
Poland 76
Portugal 78
Romania 80
Slovakia 82
Slovenia 84
Spain 86
Sweden 88
United Kingdom 90
Appendix A: The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index 92
Appendix B: Comparing EIBIS to other data sources 93
Boxes
Box 1. Digital technologies in the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) 15
