국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

FOREWORD 5

FINDINGS 6

Measuring laws and regulations 7

Equality of opportunity is good economics 9

Insights from new data 11

Which economies improved the most? 14

In what indicators are economies reforming the most? 18

Five decades of reform 21

What's next? 24

References 26

DATA NOTES 27

Methodology 27

Scored questions 32

References 40

SUMMARIES OF REFORMS 41

ECONOMY DATA 49

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 54

TABLE 1.1. WHAT DOES THE WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDEX MEASURE? 8

TABLE 1.2. WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2020 INDEX 12

TABLE 1.3. NINETY ECONOMIES FORBID WOMEN FROM PERFORMING CERTAIN TASKS 14

TABLE 1.4. ECONOMIES THAT HAVE EXHIBITED THE MOST PROGRESS TOWARD GENDER EQUALITY SINCE 2017 15

TABLE 1.5. MOST ECONOMIES REFORMED IN THE PARENTHOOD INDICATOR 19

TABLE 2.1. WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDICATORS 28

TABLE 2.2. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW METHODOLOGY 30

FIGURE 1.1. EIGHT INDICATORS MEASURE LEGAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AS THEY TRANSITION THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF WORKING LIFE 7

FIGURE 1.2. WHERE THE WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDEX SHOWS GREATER EQUALITY, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES ARE HIGHER AND THE WAGE GAP... 10

FIGURE 1.3. REGIONS WITH THE LOWEST WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW SCORES MADE THE MOST PROGRESS TOWARD EQUALITY 11

FIGURE 1.4. MEDIAN LENGTH OF PAID LEAVE BY REGION 13

FIGURE 1.5. THE PARENTHOOD AND PAY INDICATORS HAVE THE LARGEST GAPS TO CLOSE 21

FIGURE 1.6. CHARTING THE PATH OF REGIONAL REFORM BY WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDEX SCORE 22

FIGURE 1.7. CHARTING THE PATH OF INDICATOR REFORM BY WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDEX SCORE 24

FIGURE 2.1. EIGHT INDICATORS MEASURE LEGAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AS THEY TRANSITION THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF WORKING LIFE 27

Boxes

BOX 2.1. ASSUMPTIONS USED BY WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW TO ENSURE COMPARABILITY 31