국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Foreword 3

A New Way to Look at the Data 5

What Is Measured and Why? 8

Why Do Legal Gender Differences Matter for Women's Economic Participation? 9

Where Are Regulations Better or Worse for Women? 10

How Have Laws Evolved Over the Past Decade? 12

Progress Across and Within Regions 15

Reforms by Indicator 17

How Reforms Happen 22

What's Next? 22

References 24

Economy Data 26

Acknowledgments 33

TABLE 1. INDICATORS AND QUESTIONS 7

TABLE 2. WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDEX SCORES 11

TABLE 3. FORTY-SEVEN ECONOMIES INTRODUCED LAWS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 19

TABLE 4. THIRTY-THREE ECONOMIES ACROSS ALL REGIONS INTRODUCED PATERNITY LEAVE 20

FIGURE 1. THE INDICATORS MEASURE HOW LAWS AFFECT WOMEN THROUGHOUT THEIR WORKING LIVES 6

FIGURE 2. WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW INDICATORS AND CORRESPONDING ECONOMIC OUTCOMES 8

FIGURE 3. WITH GREATER EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, MORE WOMEN WORK, AND WHERE THEY DO WORK THEY ARE PAID BETTER 9

FIGURE 4. MORE WOMEN JOIN THE WORKFORCE OVERALL AND RELATIVE TO MEN IN REFORMING ECONOMIES 10

FIGURE 5. OECD HIGH-INCOME ECONOMIES HAVE THE HIGHEST AVERAGE SCORE 12

FIGURE 6. ON AVERAGE, LEGAL TREATMENT OF WOMEN BECAME MORE EQUAL IN EVERY REGION 12

FIGURE 7. MOST TOP IMPROVERS ARE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 13

FIGURE 8. MAURITIUS HAD SIX CHANGES IN THE LAW AND SAW AN INCREASE IN WOMEN WORKING RELATIVE TO MEN 14

FIGURE 9. SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE HAD FIVE CHANGES IN THE LAW AND SAW AN INCREASE IN WOMEN WORKING RELATIVE TO MEN 14

FIGURE 10. SOUTH ASIA HAD THE GREATEST PERCENTAGE OF REFORMING ECONOMIES 16

FIGURE 11. OECD HIGH-INCOME ECONOMIES HAD THE SMALLEST LEGAL GENDER GAP AND THEY CLOSED ONE-THIRD OF WHAT PREVIOUSLY EXISTED 16

FIGURE 12. THE MOST REFORMS OCCURRED IN STARTING A JOB 18

FIGURE 13. THIRTY-FIVE ECONOMIES BANNED SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK 18

FIGURE 14. MANAGING ASSETS HAD THE SLOWEST PACE OF REFORM 21