국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

Foreword 4

Editorial 9

Reader's guide 11

Executive summary 21

COVID-19: The second year of the pandemic 23

Chapter A. The output of educational institutions and the impact of learning 35

Indicator A1. To what level have adults studied? 36

Indicator A2. Transition from education to work: Where are today's youth? 48

Indicator A3. How does educational attainment affect participation in the labour market? 61

Indicator A4. What are the earnings advantages from education? 79

Indicator A6. How are social outcomes related to education? 95

Indicator A7. To what extent do adults participate in education and training? 109

Chapter B. Access to education, participation and progress 125

Indicator B1. Who participates in education? 126

Indicator B2. How do early childhood education systems differ around the world? 141

Indicator B3. Who is expected to graduate from upper secondary education? 163

Indicator B4. Who is expected to enter tertiary education? 177

Indicator B5. How many students complete tertiary education? 195

Indicator B6. What is the profile of internationally mobile students? 215

Chapter C. Financial resources invested in education 230

Introduction 231

Indicator C1. How much is spent per student on educational institutions? 234

Indicator C2. What proportion of national output is spent on educational institutions? 250

Indicator C3. How much public and private investment in educational institutions is there? 262

Indicator C4. What is the total public spending on education? 276

Indicator C5. How much do tertiary students pay and what public support do they receive? 289

Indicator C6. On what resources and services is education funding spent? 307

Chapter D. Teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools 321

Indicator D3. How much are teachers and school heads paid? 322

Indicator D4. How much time do teachers and school heads spend teaching and working? 343

Indicator D6. What are the pathways to becoming a teacher and a school head? 359

Indicator D7. How extensive are professional development activities for teachers and school heads? 380

Indicator D8. What is the profile of academic staff and what is the student-academic staff ratio? 399

Annex 1. Characteristics of education systems 414

Annex 2. Reference statistics 420

Annex 3. Introduction to Sources, methods and technical notes 433

Contributors to this publication 437

Education Indicators in Focus 445

Table A1.1. Educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds (2021) 45

Table A1.2. Trends in educational attainment of 25-34 year-olds, by gender (2011 and 2021) 46

Table A1.3. Field of study among tertiary-educated 25-64 year-olds (2021) 47

Table A2.1. Percentage of 18-24 year-olds in education/not in education, by work status (2021, quarterly data) 57

Table A2.2. Percentage of 18-24 year-olds in education/not in education, by work status and duration of unemployment (2021, quarterly data) 58

Table A2.3. Percentage of 25-29 year-olds in education/not in education, by educational attainment and work status (2021, quarterly data) 59

Table A2.4. Trends in the percentage of young adults in education/not in education, by age group and work status (2019 to 2021, annual data) 60

Table A3.1. Employment rates of 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2021) 74

Table A3.2. Trends in employment rates of 25-34 year-olds, by educational attainment and gender (2011 and 2021) 75

Table A3.3. Employment rates of tertiary-educated 25-64 year-olds, by field of study (2021) 76

Table A3.4. Trends in unemployment and inactivity rates of 25-34 years old, by educational attainment (2019 to 2021) 77

Table A3.5. Unemployment rates for adults by educational attainment and distribution of unemployment by its duration (2021) 78

Table A4.1. Relative earnings of workers, by educational attainment (2020) 91

Table A4.2. Distribution of workers by educational attainment and level of earnings relative to the median earnings (2020) 92

Table A4.3. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's earnings, by educational attainment and age group (2020) 93

Table A4.4. Relative earnings of tertiary-educated adults, by field of study (2020) 94

Table A6.1. Internet use, by age group and educational attainment (2021) 106

Table A6.2. Trends in the use of the Internet for different activities among 55-74 year-olds, by educational attainment (2019 to 2021) 107

Table A6.3. Students' social tolerance, by mother's educational attainment (2018) 108

Table A7.1. Trends in participation in formal and/or non-formal education and training, by year and quarter (2019, 2020 and 2021) 122

Table A7.2. Participation in non-formal education and training, by gender, age group and educational attainment (2021) 123

Table A7.3. Enrolment rates in formal education, by level of education and age group (2020) 124

Table B1.1. Enrolment rates by age group (2005, 2013 and 2020) 138

Table B1.2. Profile of students enrolled in tertiary education (2020) 139

Table B1.3. Enrolment rates from the ages of 17 to 20, by level of education (2020) 140

Table B2.1. Trends in enrolment rates in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and primary education, by age group (2005, 2015 and 2020) 160

Table B2.2. Age and gender profiles of teachers and ratio of children to staff in early childhood education (ECE), by level (2020) 161

Table B2.3. Financing of early childhood education (ECE) in public and private institutions (2019) 162

Table B3.1. Profile of upper secondary graduates from general programmes (2020) 174

Table B3.2. Profile of upper secondary graduates from vocational programmes (2020) 175

Table B3.3. Profile of post-secondary non-tertiary graduates from vocational programmes (2020) 176

Table B4.1. Profile of new entrants to short-cycle, bachelor's, master's levels and of first-time entrants into tertiary education (2020) 191

Table B4.2. Distribution of new entrants to tertiary education, by field of study (2015 and 2020) 192

Table B4.3. Share of women among new entrants to tertiary education, by selected fields of study and level of education (2020) 193

Table B4.4. Profile of new entrants to doctoral programmes (2020) 194

Table B5.1. Completion rates of full-time students, by level of education, timeframe 211

Table B5.2. Status of full-time bachelor's students at various timeframes after entry (2020) 212

Table B5.3. Completion rates of full-time students who entered a bachelor's (or equivalent level) programme, by type of institution upon entry, timeframe... 213

Table B5.4. Completion rates of full-time bachelor's students by the end of theoretical duration of their programme plus three years, by selected fields of... 214

Table B6.1. International and foreign student mobility in tertiary education (2015 and 2020) 227

Table B6.2. Profile of international and foreign students (2020) 228

Table B6.3. Share of tertiary students enrolled in selected broad fields of study, by mobility status (2015 and 2020) 229

Table C1.1. Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (2019) 246

Table C1.2. Public and total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student, by type of institution (2019) 247

Table C1.3. Average annual growth in total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (2012 to 2019) 248

Table C1.4. Total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student for core educational services, ancillary services and R&D (2019) 249

Table C2.1. Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP (2019) 259

Table C2.2. Change in total expenditure on educational institutions and change in GDP (2008, 2009, 2011 and 2019) 260

Table C2.3. Total expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by source of funds (2019) 261

Table C3.1. Relative share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions, by final source of funds (2019) 273

Table C3.2. Relative share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions, by source of funds and public-to-private transfers (2019) 274

Table C3.3. Trends in the share of public, private and international expenditure on educational institutions (2011, 2015 and 2019) 275

Table C4.1. Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure (2019) 286

Table C4.2. Distribution of sources of total public funds devoted to education, by level of government (2019) 287

Table C4.3. Index of change in total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure (2012 and 2019) 288

Table C5.1. Annual tuition fees charged by tertiary institutions to national and foreign students (2009/10 and 2019/20) 302

Table C5.2. Variation in public financial support over time and eligibility criteria for public grants or scholarships for national tertiary students enrolled in public... 304

Table C5.3. Availability, repayment and remission of public and government-guaranteed private loans to full-time and part-time national students in tertiary... 305

Table C6.1. Share of current and capital expenditure, by level of education (2019) 318

Table C6.2. Share of current expenditure, by resource category (2019) 319

Table C6.3. Share of current expenditure, by resource category and type of institution (2019) 320

Table D3.1. Teachers' statutory salaries, based on the most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers (2021) 339

Table D3.2. Teachers' and school heads' actual salaries relative to earnings of tertiary-educated workers (2021) 340

Table D3.3. Teachers' and school heads' average actual salaries (2021) 341

Table D3.4. School heads' minimum and maximum statutory salaries, based on minimum qualifications (2021) 342

Table D4.1. Organisation of teachers' teaching time (2021) 356

Table D4.2. Organisation of teachers' working time (2021) 357

Table D4.3. Organisation of school heads' working time (2021) 358

Table D6.1. Pathways to becoming a teacher (2021) 375

Table D6.2. Requirements for entering and progressing in initial teacher education (2021) 376

Table D6.3. Content of initial teacher education (2021) 377

Table D6.4. Pathways to becoming a school head (2021) 379

Table D7.1. Requirements for teachers' professional development (2021) 395

Table D7.2. Requirements for school heads' professional development (2021) 396

Table D7.3. Quality assurance mechanisms implemented for teachers' professional development activities (2021) 397

Table D8.1. Ratio of students to academic staff by tertiary level of education and type of institution (2020) 410

Table D8.2. Age distribution of academic staff by tertiary level of education (2015, 2020) 411

Table D8.3. Share of women among academic staff, by tertiary level of education and age group (2015 and 2020) 412

Figure A1.1. Trends in the share of tertiary-educated 25-34 year-olds (2000 and 2021) 37

Figure A1.2. Field of study among tertiary-educated 25-64 year-olds (2021) 39

Figure A1.3. Share of women among adults with a bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent degree, by age group (2021) 40

Figure A1.4. Percentage of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary attainment, by subnational region (2021) 42

Figure A2.1. Distribution of 18-24 year-olds by education and work status (2021, quarterly data) 49

Figure A2.2. Trends in the share of NEETs among 25-29 year-olds, by labour-market status (2006 to 2021, quarterly data) 50

Figure A2.3. Percentage of 18-24 year-olds who are unemployed and not in education, by duration of unemployment (2021, quarterly data) 51

Figure A2.4. Share of NEETs among 25-29 year-olds, by educational attainment (2021, quarterly data) 52

Figure A2.5. Trends in the percentage of NEETs among 18-24 year-olds (2019 and 2021, annual data) 54

Figure A3.1. Employment rates of tertiary-educated adults, by field of study (2021) 62

Figure A3.2. Employment rate of 25-34 year-olds, by level of tertiary attainment (2021) 64

Figure A3.3. Trends in unemployment rates, by educational attainment (2000 to 2021) 66

Figure A3.4. Cross-country differences in overqualification levels among tertiary-educated workers (2012 or 2015) 68

Figure A3.5. Long-term unemployment (12 months or more) among 25-64 year-olds, by educational attainment (2021) 69

Figure A3.6. Trends in inactivity rates of tertiary-educated 25-34 year-olds (2019 and 2021) 70

Figure A4.1. Relative earnings of 25-64 year-old adults, by educational attainment (2020) 79

Figure A4.2. Relative earnings of tertiary-educated adults, by level of tertiary attainment (2020) 82

Figure A4.3. Relative earnings of adults with at least a bachelor's or equivalent degree, by age group (2020) 83

Figure A4.4. Relative earnings of tertiary-educated adults aged 25-64, by field of study (2020) 84

Figure A4.5. Relative earnings of tertiary-educated workers and share of adults without university- level education supporting more redistribution to reduce... 86

Figure A4.6. Percentage of tertiary-educated adults earning more than twice the median, by level of educational attainment (2020) 87

Figure A6.1. Share of 25-54 year-olds using the Internet at least once a week, by educational attainment (2021) 95

Figure A6.2. Share of tertiary-educated 55-74 year-olds making telephone or video calls over the Internet (2019 and 2021) 98

Figure A6.3. Share of tertiary-educated 55-74 year-olds seeking health-related information over the Internet (2019 and 2021) 99

Figure A6.4. Share of tertiary-educated adults who reported usually or sometimes working from home (2019 and 2021) 100

Figure A6.5. Students' interest in learning about other cultures, by mother's educational attainment (2018) 101

Figure A6.6. Students' global mindedness, by mother's educational attainment (2018) 103

Figure A7.1. Trends in participation in formal and/or non-formal education and training, by quarter (2019, 2020 and 2021) 109

Figure A7.2. Determinants of participation in adult education and training by job-related characteristics, personal characteristics and education (2016) 112

Figure A7.3. Trends in participation in non-formal education and training (2019, 2020 and 2021) 113

Figure A7.4. Proportion of youth and adults with information and communication technologies (ICT) skills, by skill level 114

Figure A7.5. Participation in non-formal education and training, by educational attainment (2021) 115

Figure A7.6. Countries and subnational jurisdictions providing grant support to students, by programme type and study intensity (2020) 117

Figure A7.7. Enrolment rates in formal tertiary education, by age group (2020) 118

Figure B1.1. Distribution of tertiary students enrolled by education level (2020) 127

Figure B1.2. SDG Indicator 4.3.2: Gross enrolment ratio for tertiary education (2020) 131

Figure B1.3. Share of tertiary students studying part-time (2013, 2020) 133

Figure B1.4. Share of tertiary students in private institutions (2013, 2020) 134

Figure B2.1. Enrolment rates of young children by type of programme and by age group (2020) 142

Figure B2.2. Participation rate in organised learning one year before the official primary entry age against benchmark values (2020) 147

Figure B2.3. Age profile of teachers at pre-primary level (2020) 149

Figure B2.4. Distribution of initial sources of public funds for pre-primary education, by level of government (2019) 153

Figure B3.1. Average age of first-time upper secondary graduates, by programme orientation (2020) 163

Figure B3.2. Share of women among upper secondary graduates, by programme orientation (2020) 166

Figure B3.3. Distribution of vocational upper secondary graduates, by level of completion (2020) 168

Figure B3.4. Completion rates of full-time students who entered a bachelor's or equivalent level, by students' upper secondary programme orientation and... 171

Figure B4.1. Share of women among new entrants to tertiary education, by level of education and selected fields of study (2020) 177

Figure B4.2. Average age dispersion of new entrants, by level of education (2020) 179

Figure B4.3. Share of entrants to bachelor's programmes who entered tertiary education directly from upper secondary education, by upper secondary programme... 181

Figure B4.4. Share of tertiary new entrants in the field of health and welfare (2015 and 2020) 183

Figure B4.5. Status of full-time bachelor's students by the theoretical duration plus three years in selected fields of study at entry (2020) 185

Figure B4.6. Distribution of new entrants to doctoral programmes, by field of study (2020) 186

Figure B5.1. Completion rate of full-time students who entered a bachelor's or equivalent level, by gender and timeframe (2020) 196

Figure B5.2. Status of full-time bachelor's students, by timeframe (2020) 201

Figure B5.3. Completion rates of full-time bachelor's students, by type of institution entered and timeframe (2020) 203

Figure B5.4. Completion rates of full-time science, technology, engineering and mathematics bachelor's students, by field and level of graduation and gender (2020) 204

Figure B5.5. Share of full-time bachelor's students who spent at least one year out of education and graduated or re-enrolled by theoretical duration plus... 206

Figure B6.1. Share of international or foreign students at tertiary level, by gender (2020) 215

Figure B6.2. Incoming student mobility in tertiary education, by level of study (2020) 218

Figure B6.3. Share of tertiary students in STEM fields, by mobility status (2020) 222

Figure C1.1. Total expenditure per full-time equivalent student by level of education (2019) 234

Figure C1.2. Total expenditure per full-time equivalent student, by level of tertiary education (2019) 236

Figure C1.3. Total expenditure per full-time equivalent student on tertiary educational institutions for R&D and core educational services (2019) 238

Figure C1.4. Total expenditure on tertiary educational institutions per full-time equivalent student, by programme orientation (2019) 239

Figure C1.5. Average annual growth in total expenditure on primary to tertiary educational institutions per full-time equivalent student (2012 to 2019) 241

Figure C1.6. Provisional data on the change in total expenditure on educational institutions per full-time equivalent student between 2019 and 2020 242

Figure C2.1. Total expenditure on educational institutions as a share of GDP (2019) 250

Figure C2.2. Total expenditure on educational institutions by level of education (2019) 253

Figure C2.3. Average annual change in total expenditure on primary to tertiary educational institutions and in GDP (2008 to 2020) 254

Figure C2.4. Total expenditure on primary to tertiary educational institutions per student relative to GDP per capita (2019) 255

Figure C3.1. Distribution of public and private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions (2019) 262

Figure C3.2. Proportion of expenditure on tertiary educational institutions from private sources, by source of funding (2019) 264

Figure C3.3. Distribution of public and private expenditure on primary to post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions (2019) 266

Figure C3.4. Change in the relative share of private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions (2011 to 2019) 267

Figure C3.5. Provisional data on the change in public-to-private transfers and private expenditure on educational institutions between 2019 and 2020 269

Figure C4.1. Composition of total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure (2019) 276

Figure C4.2. Distribution of initial sources of public funds for tertiary education, by level of government (2019) 279

Figure C4.3. Change in total public expenditure on education and total government expenditure between 2015 and 2019 280

Figure C4.4. Change in total public expenditure and public expenditure on education between 2019 and 2020 282

Figure C5.1. Annual average tuition fees charged by public institutions to national students, by level of education (academic year 2019/20) 290

Figure C5.2. Annual average tuition fees charged by public institutions to national and foreign students for master's or equivalent programmes (2019/20) 293

Figure C5.3. Tuition fees charged by tertiary institutions to national students enrolled full-time in master's or equivalent programmes, by fields of study (2019/20) 295

Figure C5.4. Share of national tertiary education students enrolled full-time and receiving public financial support (2009/10 and 2019/20) 296

Figure C5.5. Authority to set tuition fees for national students, by level of tertiary education (2020) 299

Figure C6.1. Distribution of expenditure between capital and current expenditure (2019) 307

Figure C6.2. Share of current expenditure devoted to teachers, by level of education and type of institution (2019) 311

Figure C6.3. Distribution of expenditure on salaries, pensions and other non-salary staff compensation (2019) 313

Figure C6.4. Share of current expenditure devoted to staff retirement pensions (2012, 2015 and 2019) 314

Figure D3.1. Actual salaries of lower secondary teachers and school heads relative to earnings for tertiary-educated workers (2021) 322

Figure D3.2. Lower secondary teachers' average actual salaries compared to the statutory starting and top of the scale salaries (2021) 325

Figure D3.3. Lower secondary teachers' relative statutory starting and top of the scale salaries and years taken to reach the top of the scale (2021) 326

Figure D3.4. Lower secondary school heads' average actual salaries compared to the statutory minimum and maximum salaries (2021) 330

Figure D3.5. Change in lower secondary teachers' statutory salaries between 2010 and 2021 333

Figure D3.6. Lower secondary teachers' starting salaries relative to earnings of tertiary graduates by years since graduation (2018) 335

Figure D4.1. Teaching time of teachers, by level of education (2021) 343

Figure D4.2. Working time of teachers and school heads in general upper secondary education (2021) 350

Figure D4.3. Number of hours of teaching and percentage of working time spent teaching for upper secondary teachers (2021) 351

Figure D4.4. Task requirements of teachers and financial incentives, by tasks and responsibilities (2021) 353

Figure D6.1. Pathways to becoming a teacher or school head, by level of education (2021) 359

Figure D6.2. Duration of initial teacher education, by level of education (2021) 361

Figure D6.3. Required content in initial teacher education (2021) 364

Figure D6.4. Mainstreaming of global citizenship education and education for sustainable development in policies, curricula, teacher education and assessment (2020) 365

Figure D6.5. Role of relevant bodies in deciding content of initial teacher education (2021) 367

Figure D7.1. Requirements for continuing professional development for teachers and school heads (2021) 381

Figure D7.2. Mandated contents of teachers' and school heads' compulsory continuing professional development (2021) 384

Figure D7.3. Decision making about individual teachers' continuing professional development (CPD) activities (2021) 385

Figure D7.4. Funding and support strategies for teachers' continuing professional development (CPD) activities (2021) 390

Figure D8.1. Age profile of academic staff (2020) 399

Figure D8.2. Distribution of academic staff by primary function (2020) 403

Figure D8.3. Distribution of instructional and research academic staff by seniority level (2020) 404

Figure D8.4. Share of women among academic staff (2005, 2015, 2020) 405

Figure D8.5. Ratio of students to academic staff, by type of institution (2020) 407

Boxes

Box A3.1. Cross-country differences in overqualification levels among tertiary-educated workers 66

Box A4.1. Earnings differences by educational attainment and support for income redistribution 85

Box A6.1. The Internet as a source of health-related information for older people 98

Box A7.1. Determinants of participation in adult education and training 111

Box A7.2. Measuring information and communication technologies skills 114

Box A7.3. Micro-credentials, an alternative to traditional formal education programmes 116

Box B1.1. Tertiary education's contribution to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 130

Box B2.1. Preparing children for primary school through pre-primary education 146

Box B3.1. Bachelor's completion rate by upper secondary programme orientation 170

Box B4.1. Direct versus delayed entry to tertiary education 180

Box B4.2. Pathways through tertiary education by field of study 184

Box B5.1. Cross cohort completion rates 198

Box B5.2. Experiences of stop-out 205

Box B6.1. Credit mobility in European OECD member countries 219

Box C1.1. Subnational variation in annual expenditure per student on educational institutions 237

Box C1.2. Expenditure on tertiary educational institutions for academic and professional programmes 238

Box C1.3. Provisional data on the change in expenditure per student in 2020 241

Box C3.1. Provisional data on changes in private funding for education in 2020 268

Box C4.1. Evolution of the expenditure on education during the COVID-19 pandemic 281

Box C4.2. Education support measures affecting public budgets during the COVID-19 crisis 282

Box C5.1. Fees by fields of study 294

Box C5.2. Setting and paying tuition fees 299

Box D3.1. Comparability issues related to actual salaries of teachers and school heads 328

Box D3.2. Subnational variations in teachers' and school heads' salaries at pre-primary, primary and secondary levels 331

Box D3.3. Lower secondary teachers' starting salaries relative to earnings of recent tertiary graduates (2018) 335

Box D4.1. Comparability of statutory teaching and working time data 345

Box D4.2. Impact of COVID-19 on working conditions of teachers 346

Box D4.3. Teachers' qualification levels 347

Box D6.1. Inclusion of global citizenship education (GCED) and education for sustainable development (ESD) in national education policies, curricula, teacher... 364

Box D6.2. Roles of entities and levels of government in deciding initial teacher education 367

Box D6.3. Years of teaching experience of school heads 371

Box D7.1. Content of compulsory professional development activities for teachers and school heads 383

Box D7.2. Role of higher education institutions in continuing professional development of teachers and school heads 389

Box D8.1. Digitalisation is significantly affecting the organisation of academic work 401

Box D8.2. Classification of instructional and research academic staff 402

Box Tables

Table B5.a. Cross cohort completion rates of full-time tertiary students, by level of education and gender (2020) 199

Table B6.a. Credit mobility in European OECD member countries (2016 and 2020) 220

Annex Tables

Table X1.1. Typical graduation ages, by level of education (2020) 415

Table X1.2. Typical age of entry, by level of education (2020) 416

Table X1.3. School year and financial year used for the calculation of indicators, OECD countries 417

Table X1.4. School year and financial year used for the calculation of indicators, partner countries 418

Table X1.5. Starting and ending age of students in compulsory education, theoretical starting age and duration of education levels, and ages of entitlement... 419

Table X2.1. Basic reference statistics in current prices (reference period: calendar year, 2012, 2015, 2019) 421

Table X2.2. Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year, 2012, 2015, 2019) 422

Table X2.3. Pre-primary and primary teachers' statutory salaries, in national currencies, based on the most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers'... 423

Table X2.4. Secondary teachers' statutory salaries, in national currencies, based on the most prevalent qualifications at different points in teachers' careers (2021) 424

Table X2.5. Trends in teachers' average actual salaries, in national currencies (2000, 2005 and 2010 to 2021) 425

Table X2.6. Reference statistics used in calculating teachers' salaries (2000 and 2005 to 2021) 427

Table X2.7. Distribution of teachers, by minimum or most prevalent qualifications and level of education (2021) 428

Table X2.8. Distribution of teachers aged 25-64, by educational attainment and level of education (2021) 429

Table X2.9. Distribution of school heads aged 25-64, by educational attainment and level of education (2021) 430

Table X2.10. Trends in teachers' statutory salaries, in national currencies, by level of education (2000 and 2005 to 2021) 431

Tables X3.A. Sources, methods and technical notes for Chapter A 433

Tables X3.B2. Metadata on early childhood education systems for Indicator B2 434

Table X3.B5. Sources, methods and metadata on how many students complete tertiary education for Indicator B5 434

Tables X3.UOE.ENRL. Sources, methods and technical notes for UOE enrolment data in Indicators B1, B2, B6 and the Education at a Glance Database 434

Table X3.UOE.ENTR. Sources, methods and technical notes for UOE entrants data in Indicator B4 and the Education at a Glance Database 434

Table X3.UOE.GRAD. Sources, methods and technical notes for UOE graduates data in Indicator B3 and the Education at a Glance Database 435

Table X3.UOE.PERS. Sources, methods and technical notes for UOE personnel data in Indicators B2, D8 and the Education at a Glance Database 435

Tables X3.UOE.FIN. Sources, methods and technical notes for UOE education finance data in Chapter C and the Education at a Glance Database 435

Tables X3.D3. Sources, methods and technical notes for Indicator D3 435

Tables X3.D4. Sources, methods and technical notes for Indicator D4 436

Tables X3.D6. Sources, methods and technical notes for Indicator D6 436

Tables X3.D7. Sources, methods and technical notes for Indicator D7 436