목차
Ministerial foreword 3
Executive Summary 6
1 Introduction – Biomass for net zero 10
2 Biomass Sustainability: ensuring sustainable biomass use
across the economy 18
2.1 Biomass sustainability requirements in the UK today 20
2.2 Biomass governance structures and requirements in the UK today 28
2.3 Review of existing biomass sustainability criteria 34
2.4 Actions for strengthening the UK’s biomass sustainability criteria 42
3 Biomass and Air Quality 54
3.1 Impact of biomass use on air pollution 55
3.2 Impact of biomass air pollutant emissions on greenhouse gas emissions 57
3.3 Regulatory requirements on biomass 58
3.4 Research, development, and innovation to support biomass
sustainability requirements and air quality 61
4 Biomass availability: sustainable resources from
international and domestic sources 62
4.1 Biomass Feedstocks 64
4.2 Future availability of biomass resources 66
4.3 Innovation opportunities for scaling biomass feedstocks in the UK 89
5 Priority use of biomass 94
5.1 Introduction 96
5.2 Principles of best use of biomass 96
5.3 Wider Strategic context for Biomass Use 102
5.4 Principles and conditions for biomass in achieving net zero:
The Public Dialogue Project 104
5.5 Prioritising biomass usage in the short, medium and long term 105
Biomass Strategy | 1
6 Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage 120
6.1 Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) 122
6.2 Public perceptions of BECCS 122
6.3 BECCS Technologies 123
6.4 How BECCS can deliver negative emissions 130
6.5 Principles of deploying BECCS 134
6.6 Supporting BECCS 138
6.7 Biochar 143
7 Biomass uses across the economy 146
7.1 Biomass for renewable electricity generation 149
7.2 Biomethane production and greening the gas grid 154
7.3 The use of biomass in heating 162
7.4 Biomass with combined heat and power 167
7.5 Biomass use in transport 169
7.6 The use of biomass to support the decarbonisation of industry 173
7.7 Biomass for low carbon hydrogen production 177
7.8 Non-energy uses of biomass 180
Annexes 185
Technical Annex 189
Glossary 198
