Title page

Contents

Acknowledgements 2

Executive Summary 3

1.0. Introduction 7

2.0. Monitoring Methods 10

2.1. What to Monitor 10

2.2. How to Monitor the CO₂ Impacts of Public Procurement 12

3.0. Challenges in Monitoring GPP Impacts 16

4.0. Case Studies 19

4.1. South Korea 19

4.2. Japan 22

4.3. Slovenia 23

4.4. Denmark 27

4.5. Malaysia 28

4.6. The Netherlands: Using the CO₂PL in assessing CO₂ emissions in both suppliers and procuring authorities 30

5.0. Conclusion and Recommendations 33

References 35

Table 1. Key indicators and data sources for monitoring GPP 10

Table 2. Methods, tools, and data sources for monitoring and measuring GHG emissions originating from GPP 13

Table 3. Example of the calculation of the reduction in environmental costs for personal computers, 2009-2013 21

Table 4. Example of the calculation of impact reduction obtained with green purchases for copying equipment in 2016 23

Table 5. Example of the calculation of impact reduction obtained with green purchases for indoor lighting sources in 2017 30

Figure 1. The Ladder System 15

Boxes

Box 1. The CO₂ Performance Ladder: A comprehensive tool for GPP and carbon emissions management 14

Box 2. Environmental impact calculation of GPP in South Korea 20

Box 3. Environmental impact calculation of GPP in Japan 22

Box 4. Environmental impact calculation of GPP in Slovenia using the example of the design and/or construction of buildings 25

Box 5. Sustainability impact calculation of GPP in Malaysia 29