국가전략정보포털

Title page

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2

FOREWORD 6

ACRONYMS 7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

KEY POLICY TAKEAWAYS 11

1. INTRODUCTION 12

2. MEASURING THE ICT SECTOR EMISSIONS AND ENERGY DEMAND 14

2.1. EMISSIONS REPORTING AND TRACKING 15

2.2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS GHG EMISSIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION 17

2.2.1. CARBON AND ENERGY INTENSITY 19

2.2.2. NETWORK EFFICIENCIES 21

2.3. OTHER SOURCES OF EMISSIONS FROM ICT SUBSECTORS 23

2.3.1. DATA CENTERS 23

2.3.2. EMBEDDED AND PRODUCT USE EMISSIONS 27

2.4. ICT SECTOR GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONS AND ELECTRICITY EVOLUTION 31

3. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES 33

FRANCE 33

SINGAPORE 35

UNITED KINGDOM 37

RWANDA 39

BRAZIL 40

4. KEY TAKEAWAYS: ADDRESSING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT AND ENERGY NEEDS OF THE ICT SECTOR 43

5. ANNEX. METHODOLOGY FOR GHG EMISSIONS AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES 46

5.1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 46

5.2. COLOCATION DATA CENTERS 49

5.3. CLOUD AND CONTENT DATA CENTERS 50

5.4. ICT EQUIPMENT EMISSIONS 51

5.4.1. PERSONAL COMPUTERS (PCS) 51

Table 2.1. Global estimates of ICT sector emissions, 2022 32

Table 3.1. Telecommunications GHG emissions and electricity consumption, Singapore 36

Table 3.2. ICT sector emissions and electricity consumption, UK 38

Table 3.3. Disclosure of climate and energy data by main telecom operators, Rwanda 39

Table 3.4. Information and Communications emissions, 2021, Brazil 41

Table 5.1. Emissions and electricity use reported by telecommunications operators 48

Table 5.2. Colocation data centers GHG emissions and electricity use, world estimate 49

Table 5.3. GHG emissions and electricity use, cloud services and content 50

Table 5.4. PC embedded and product use emissions 52

Table 5.5. Smartphone production (embedded) emissions and electricity consumption 52

Table 5.6. Smartphone product use emissions and electricity consumption 53

Figure ES.1. Sources of ICT sector emissions 10

Figure 2.1. Sources of ICT sector emissions 14

Figure 2.2. Emissions associated with firms' activities within Scope 1, 2 and 3 16

Figure 2.3. Estimated telecommunication GHG emissions 18

Figure 2.4. Estimated telecommunications electricity consumption and grid emissions factors 19

Figure 2.5. GHG emissions / $million revenue and relationship between carbon intensity and GEF 20

Figure 2.6. Energy intensity among telecommunications operators 21

Figure 2.7. Mobile network equipment energy consumption and "du" energy intensity 2022 22

Figure 2.8. Electricity consumption and GHG emissions of data centers in Ireland 24

Figure 2.9. GHG emissions and electricity consumption of connected, colocation data centers 25

Figure 2.10. Emissions and electricity consumption of cloud and content data centers 26

Figure 2.11. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from PC manufacturing 28

Figure 2.12. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from PC product use 28

Figure 2.13. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from smartphone manufacturing 29

Figure 2.14. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from smartphone product use 30

Figure 2.15. Estimated GHG emissions and electricity consumption from network equipment manufacturing 31

Figure 3.1. GHG emissions and energy consumption, telecom sector, France 33

Figure 3.2. ICT carbon footprint in France 34

Figure 3.3. Electricity consumption and emissions from electricity, Information and Communications sector, Singapore 36

Figure 3.4. Electricity consumption of data centers and telecom towers (GWh), Rwanda 39

Figure 3.5. Sources of renewable energy, TIM and Vivo, Brazil, 2022 42

Figure 5.1. PLDT GHG emissions and intensity factor by service, 2022 47

Boxes

BOX 2.1. THE GREENHOUSE GAS PROTOCOL 16

BOX 2.2. IRELAND - COORDINATING THE "TWIN TRANSITIONS" OF DIGITALIZATION AND DECARBONIZATION 23

BOX 5.1. BREAKING DOWN EMISSIONS AND ENERGY DATA 47