Neighborhood revitalization and residential sorting

Title page

Contents

Abstract 2

1. Introduction 3

2. The HOPE VI Revitalization Program 8

3. Conceptual Framework 10

4. Data 14

5. Empirical Strategy 16

6. Effect of the Revitalization Program 21

6.1. Effect on Neighborhoods 21

6.2. Effect on Individual-Level Residential Outcomes 30

6.3. Aggregate Effects 43

6.4. Heterogeneity Across Revitalization Sites 46

6.5. Additional Empirical Results 47

7. Discussion 48

8. Conclusion 49

References 51

Appendix A. Additional Figures 53

Appendix B. Additional Tables 69

Appendix C. Theory 74

Appendix D. Aggregate Effects 77

Appendix E. Discussion of Additional Results 79

Table 1. Effect on Neighborhood Poverty Using Alternative Estimator, Data, and Comparison Groups 25

Table 2. Effect on Size of Sub-Populations 26

Table 3. Effect on Housing Prices and Home Ownership 29

Table 4. Heterogeneity Across Revitalization Sites 47

Figure 1. Segregation and Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty 11

Figure 2. Changes in Neighborhood Poverty Rates Near Public Housing Projects 17

Figure 3. Effect on Population of Neighborhood 22

Figure 4. Effect on Neighborhood Poverty 23

Figure 5. Effect on Poverty Rate of Newcomers 27

Figure 6. Effect on Racial and Ethnic Composition of Neighborhood 28

Figure 7. Residential Mobility of the Original Residents 31

Figure 8. Effect on Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty for Original Residents 33

Figure 9. Effect on Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty for New Residents 35

Figure 10. Effect on Out-Migration 37

Figure 11. Effect on Poverty Rates in Surrounding Neighborhoods 42

Figure 12. Analysis of Public Housing Authorities 44

Table B.1. Sample Restrictions 69

Table B.2. Baseline Characteristics 70

Table B.3. Effect on Housing Prices and Home Ownership in Surrounding Neighborhods 71

Table B.4. Analysis of Public Housing Authorities 72

Table B.5. Residential Mobility and Poverty, Original Residents 73

Figure A.1. Geographic Distribution of Applicants and Awardees 53

Figure A.2. Number of Awardees and Failed Applicants by Year 54

Figure A.3. Distribution of Baseline Characteristics 55

Figure A.4. Balance of Baseline Characteristics 56

Figure A.5. Effect on Housing Stock 57

Figure A.6. Effect on Number of Subsidized Housing Units 58

Figure A.7. Effect on Alternative Measures of Poverty Rates 59

Figure A.8. Effect on Population by Poverty Status 60

Figure A.9. Residential Mobility of the Original Residents, Failed Applicants 61

Figure A.10. Effect on Subsidy Status, Original Residents of Public Housing 62

Figure A.11. Effect on Exposure to Poverty for Original Residents, By Subsidy Status 63

Figure A.12. Effect on Income of Original Residents 64

Figure A.13. Effect on Surrounding Neighborhoods 65

Figure A.14. Effect on Income Distribution in Neighborhood 66

Figure A.15. Effect on Neighborhood Poverty, Families with Children 67

Figure A.16. Reconciling Effects on Targeted Neighborhoods and Original Residents 68

Figure C.1. Equilibrium 75