- OECD는 기후변화에 대응해 녹색 경제로 전환하는 과정에서 기존 산업에 있던 저숙련 노동자들이 일자리를 잃거나 임금이 줄어드는 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있다며 각국의 보완 정책을 촉구함
□ OECD는 탄소 고배출 산업에서 일자리가 크게 줄고, 저배출 산업에서는 일자리가 늘어날 것이라고 전망함
- 각국 정부는 녹색 일자리의 임금을 개선하고, 탄소 고배출 산업에서 일자리를 잃은 노동자에게는 임금을 보장함으로써 넷제로 전환을 계속할 수 있도록 국민들을 설득해야 한다고 강조함
□ 보고서는 또한 고숙련 도시 노동자들은 혜택을 얻을 수 있는 가장 좋은 위치에 있겠지만, 정책적 조치가 없다면 저숙련 노동자들과 농촌지역 가구들이 넷제로 전환의 부담 대부분을 지게 될 것이라고 설명함
- 이러한 격차를 보완할 수 있는 방안 중 하나로 OECD는 일자리를 잃은 노동자들이 새 직장에서 기술과 경험을 쌓을 수 있을 때까지 한시적으로 임금 보험 제도 도입을 언급함
[출처] OECD “녹색경제 전환에 저숙련 노동자 취약…보완 정책 필요” (2024.07.09.) / 연합뉴스
목차
Foreword 3
Editorial: from fear to action: making labour and social policy central to the net-zero transition 4
Executive summary 14
1. Steady as we go: treading the tightrope of wage recovery as labour markets remain resilient 18
In brief 19
Introduction 20
1.1. Labour markets have proven resilient in the wake of adverse shocks 21
1.2. Real wages are now growing in a number of countries but often remain below 2019 levels 29
1.3. An update on job quality 41
1.4. Concluding remarks 47
References 47
Annex 1.A. Additional results 49
Annex 1.B. Additional material on job quality 52
Annex 1.C. Evolution of statutory minimum wages and negotiated wages by country 56
Notes 63
2. The jobs that will make the net-zero transition: who holds them and are they good? 67
In brief 68
Introduction 70
2.1. Overview of measurement approaches 76
2.2. Green-driven jobs: how many, where, who? 82
2.3. Green-driven jobs: are they good? 92
2.4. Concluding remarks 105
References 106
Annex 2.A. Crosswalking occupational classifications using Dingel and Neiman's method 113
Annex 2.B. Downward aggregation bias for gaps in job quality variables 115
Annex 2.C. Additional figures 117
Notes 130
3. Job displacement in high-emission industries: implications for the net-zero transition 136
In brief 137
Introduction 139
3.1. Characterising employment in high-emission industries 140
3.2. Analysing the consequences of job loss in high-emission industries 146
3.3. Supporting displaced workers in high-emission industries 161
3.4. Concluding remarks 172
References 180
Annex 3.A. Additional figures 180
Annex 3.B. Additional tables 182
Notes 183
4. Skills for the green transition 185
In brief 186
Introduction 187
4.1. Skills are not green per se, but they can contribute to greening the economy 188
4.2. Skill requirements of green-driven occupations are different than those of the rest of the labour market, especially for low-skilled jobs 190
4.3. Targeted policies are needed to foster skills for the green transition 205
4.4. Concluding remarks 216
References 217
Notes 222
5. Who pays for higher carbon prices? Mitigating climate change and adverse distributional effects 225
In brief 226
Introduction 228
5.1. Carbon pricing: objectives and policy evolution 231
5.2. Previous results on the distribution of carbon price burdens 238
5.3. Carbon footprints and distributional impact of carbon pricing reforms 240
5.4. Recycling carbon pricing revenues to limit losses for households 251
References 256
Annex 5.A. Methodology: carbon emissions from household consumption and resulting carbon price burdens 268
Annex 5.B. Effective carbon rates methodology and further considerations 271
Notes 279
