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Artificial intelligence and the health workforce : perspectives from medical associations on AI in health
(인공지능과 보건 인력 : 의료 협회의 보건 분야 AI에 대한 관점)

□ 보고서는 의료 분야에서 인공지능이 보건 인력에 미치는 영향과 의료 협회의 관점을 분석한 OECD 연구임. 보건의료 분야는 인구 고령화, 만성질환 증가, 의료비 상승, 인력 부족 등의 문제에 직면하고 있으며, AI 기술이 이러한 문제를 완화할 수 있는 해결책으로 주목받고 있음. AI는 진단 보조, 임상 의사결정 지원, 환자 모니터링, 의료 행정 업무 자동화 등 다양한 방식으로 의료 시스템을 개선할 가능성을 지니고 있음

□ OECD는 세계의료협회
(WMA)를 통해 의료 협회를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하여 AI 도입에 대한 인식을 분석함. 조사 결과, 응답자의 72%가 AI의 의료 분야 활용이 위험보다 이점이 크다고 평가하였으며, 70%는 AI가 의료 환경을 크게 변화시키겠지만 의사의 역할이 여전히 중심적일 것이라고 응답하였음. 반면, 의료 AI의 윤리적 문제와 법적 책임 증가에 대한 우려가 컸으며, 94%가 윤리적 문제를, 71%가 의료 AI 도입으로 인해 의사의 법적 책임이 증가할 가능성을 지적함

□ AI 도입의 주요 장점으로는 의료 서비스의 질 향상, 환자 경험 개선, 의료 인력의 업무 부담 감소 등이 꼽혔음. 그러나 AI 도입을 가로막는 장애물도 존재하며, 응답자의 74%는 데이터 접근성 부족과 기술적 인프라 미비를 주요 문제로 지적함. 또한, AI에 대한 이해 부족과 디지털 리터러시가 낮은 점도 AI 활용을 저해하는 요인으로 분석됨

□ 보고서는 AI 도입이 의료 인력을 대체하는 것이 아니라 업무 재배치와 새로운 역할 창출로 이어질 가능성이 크다고 결론지었음. 의료 AI가 성공적으로 도입되기 위해서는 보건 인력과 협력하여 AI 개발 및 관리가 이루어져야 하며, 의료 윤리 및 법적 가이드라인이 명확하게 마련될 필요가 있음. AI를 활용한 의료 혁신이 보다 지속 가능하게 발전하기 위해서는 정책적 지원, AI 교육 확대, 데이터 거버넌스 강화가 필수적임

목차

Title page

Contents

Résumé 5

Acknowledgements 6

Executive summary 9

1. Challenges for the health workforce and use of Artificial Intelligence 11

1.1. Challenges facing the health workforce 11

1.2. Artificial Intelligence: A tool to help improve health outcomes 13

1.3. Artificial Intelligence and the health workforce 19

2. Design of this study on Artificial Intelligence and health workforce 21

3. Results of survey on Artificial Intelligence and health workforce 23

3.1. General perspectives on AI in healthcare 24

3.2. Anticipated trajectory of AI in healthcare 25

3.3. Perceived opportunities of implementing AI in healthcare 26

3.4. Perceived risks of implementing AI in healthcare 27

3.5. Overall trends in involvement of countries medical associations in health AI 29

3.6. Perceived national obstacles to AI implementation in healthcare 30

4. Charting a path forward for AI in health 31

4.1. Positive perceptions of AI in healthcare outweigh the risks 31

4.2. AI will change healthcare and the physician's role will stay central 32

4.3. Data accessibility and managing AI applications perceived as significant barriers 33

4.4. Low levels of health and digital literacy as barriers to responsible AI innovation and adoption in healthcare 34

4.5. Ethical and liability concerns regarding AI in healthcare 35

4.6. Limitations of the study 38

5. Future directions for Artificial Intelligence and health workforce 39

Glossary 40

References 41

Annex A. Artificial Intelligence and the health workforce survey structure 48

Annex B. Level of involvement in adoption of AI in health by countries medical associations 54

Table 2.1. Structure of the final questionnaire sent to countries' medical associations 21

Table 2.2. Summary of the 5-point Likert Scale used in the AI and the Health workforce Survey 22

Table 3.1. Respondents to the AI in Health workforce Survey 23

Figure 1.1. AI-Supported clinical decision-making support system 14

Figure 2.1. AI in healthcare questionnaire research model 22

Figure 3.1. General perspectives of country medical associations on AI in healthcare 24

Figure 3.2. Countries medical associations anticipated trajectory of AI in healthcare 25

Figure 3.3. Medical associations perceived opportunities of Implementing AI in healthcare sector 26

Figure 3.4. Medical association perceived risks that prevent the adoption of AI in health 28

Figure 3.5. Medical association self-reported involvement in AI projects 29

Figure 3.6. Medical associations perceived barriers of implementing AI in healthcare sectors 30

Boxes

Box 1.1. Case analysis - Implementing AI in a pathology laboratory of Maccabi Healthcare Services 15

Box 1.2. Case analysis - AI-powered clinical note taking in healthcare 18

Box 1.3. Case analysis - Navigating AI adoption and governance in healthcare - The AMA's approach 20

Annex Tables

Table A B.1. Level of involvement in adoption of AI in health by countries medical associations 54

해시태그

#인공지능 # 보건의료 # 보건인력 # 의료자동화

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Artificial intelligence and the health workforce : perspectives from medical associations on AI in health

(인공지능과 보건 인력 : 의료 협회의 보건 분야 AI에 대한 관점)