목차
Introduction 1
1 Background 3
1 1 Generative AI 3
1 2 Data centers 4
1 3 Measuring environmental effects 5
1 4 Life cycle assessments 6
1 5 Policy environment 8
2 Generative AI Uses Significant Resources, but Environmental Effects
Are Uncertain 11
2 1 Uncertain but large resource costs of training and using generative AI 11
2 2 Lack of data for generative AI infrastructure build activities 15
2 3 Insufficient information about effects from computing-infrastructure
end-of-life issues 16
2 4 Unpredictable technological advancements and demand for generative AI 16
3 Generative AI Could Have Substantial Human Effects 19
3 1 Risks and challenges of generative AI development and use 19
3 2 Common industry mitigation strategies 23
3 3 Human effects of generative AI in selected applications 24
4 Policy Options for the Environmental and Human Effects of Generative AI 29
4 1 Policy options for environmental effects of generative AI 29
4 2 Policy options for human effects of generative AI 30
5 Agency and Expert Comments 33
Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology 34
Appendix II: Expert Meeting Participants 36
Appendix III: GAO Contacts and Staff Acknowledgments 38
