목차
Title page 1
Contents 4
Executive Summary 7
I. Introduction: Can Militaries Innovate their Way out of the Climate Challenge? 12
Missions and Emissions 13
Climate Impacts on Mission 14
Military Emissions Impacting Climate 19
The Potential and Promise of Military Innovation and Investment 23
Outline of this Report 27
II. The Evolving Character of War: Leveraging Low-carbon Technologies in a Changing Operational Environment 30
Introduction 30
Rationale: Integrating strong and green 34
Technological innovation for military operations 37
Low-carbon technologies 39
Artificial intelligence and automation 50
Information technology 53
Space technology and satellites 55
Ensuring operational effectiveness in a new strategic environment: Six vignettes 57
Conclusion and policy recommendations 64
III. The Infrastructure Energy Transition as a Priority for Military Decarbonization Strategies 69
Improving energy management through energy consumption tracking 70
Decarbonized energy supply 72
Decarbonized energy production capacities 75
Microgrids 82
Storage capacities 86
Heating 91
Mobility 94
The holistic approach 95
An opportunity for the military to lead 98
Challenges to the energy transition of infrastructure 99
Lack of financial resources 99
Lack of qualified personnel 100
Lack of data on GHG emissions 100
Recommendations 103
Facilitate the renewable energy supply and production of militaries 103
Set quantified targets for infrastructure decarbonization 104
Finance the military energy transition 105
Strengthen training and awareness courses 106
Conclusion 106
IV. Sustainable Security: Reducing Emissions in Military Supply Chains 109
Introduction 109
What are the sources of emissions and approaches to measuring them? 111
Examples of how supply chains are covered in national reporting 115
Examples of how the Defense Industry reports on the emissions of its Supply Chain 118
Interconnectivity in the field and questions of who owns what emissions 122
Where is the greatest potential for innovation? 123
Strategic Partnerships and Ecosystem Collaboration 127
Procurement: A Catalyst for Innovation 129
Investment in R&D and expanded vehicles for fund allocation 130
Pressures and incentives for innovation by the European Union, NATO and the United States 131
EU initiatives 131
NATO 136
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Other US Initiatives 138
How can defense unlock innovation potential? 139
V. Conclusion 144
Tables 41
Table 1. Structure of US and EU operational emissions 41
Table 2. Emerging security dynamics in a changing climate and the role of innovative technologies 58
Figures 78
III. The Infrastructure Energy Transition as a Priority for Military Decarbonization Strategies 78
Figure 1. Renewable capacity growth by technology, main and accelerated cases, 2005-2028 78
Figure 2. Installed offshore and onshore wind energy capacity in Europe (GW), 2022 79
Figure 3. Regional shares of manufacturing capacity of selected clean technologies, 2021 80
Figure 4. Base topology of energy system representing a military site as an RES energy hub 90
Figure 5. EDA's Energy Defence Data Collection Analysis and Sharing-heating sources and current trends 92
Figure 6. INDY Energy Cycle for Deployable Military Camps 97
Figure 7. INDY's quantified targets 97
Figure 8. DoD's Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions over time (the 2008 baseline plus the 2010-2021 reported values) 101
IV. Sustainable Security: Reducing Emissions in Military Supply Chains 112
Figure 1. This figure depicts the classification of scope 1, 2, and 3 emissionsas outlined in the GHG protocol. It has been adapted to better illustrate what emissions... 112
Figure 2. the share of emissions that various categories account for in the Norwegian reporting on scope 3 emissions. Values are in CO₂-equivalent and measured in tons 118
Figure 3. percentage of scope-3 emissions from Thales in 2021 that occurred either upstream or downstream 119
