목차
Tables, Figures, and Boxes iv
Foreword vi
Acknowledgments viii
List of Contributors viii
1 Trends in Labor Migration in Asia 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Changing Trends: The Post-COVID-19 Rebound Appears to Have Ended 1
1.3 Labor Migration to OECD and non-OECD Asian Economies 6
1.4 Labor Migration to non-Asian OECD Countries 14
1.5 International Student Mobility to and from Asia 20
1.6 Gender Composition of Deployment of Workers from Asian Countries 22
1.7 Skill Levels of Migrants Deployed in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries and Asian Economies 23
2 Fair Recruitment in Asia: Issues, Challenges, and Progress Achieved 26
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Definition of Fair Recruitment and Modalities of Recruitment in Asia 26
2.3 Worker Paid Recruitment Fees, Costs, and Wages: Summary Information from SDG Target 10.7.1 Surveys for the Asia and Pacific 29
2.4 Why Ensuring Fair Recruitment is an Uphill Battle 33
2.5 Conclusions and the Way Forward 47
3 Training In-country Programming for Would-be Migrants in Asia and the Pacific 56
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Who Trains Labor Migrants? 57
3.3 Sectors for Training in Country of Origin 63
3.4 Conclusions 68
4 Outward Migration, Remittances, and Socioeconomic Development: The Cases of Nepal and the Philippines 73
4.1 Overview 73
4.2 Nepal 76
4.3 The Philippines 91
Annexes
1 Economy-Specific Notes 102
2 Comparative Tables 128
