목차
Title page 1
Contents 3
Summary 4
1. Background 6
2. Sanctions relating to the Ukraine conflict 7
2.1. Overview: What has changed in 2025? 7
Is there a divergence between the US and its allies on Russian sanctions policy? 7
2.2. UK sanctions introduced since January 2025 10
New sanctions 11
Extending existing sanctions: Targeting Russia's shadow fleet and restricting Russia's energy revenues 14
2.3. EU sanctions in 2025 18
The EU's 16th, 17th and 18th sanctions packages 18
Ending EU reliance on Russian oil and gas imports by 2027 19
Debate on the seizure of Russian state-owned assets 20
3. Annex 1: Broader Russian sanctions 23
3.1. UK sanctions frameworks targeting Russia 23
3.2. New EU sanctions frameworks 24
4. Annex 2: Suggested reading 26
