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World Development Report: Standards for Development

(2025년 세계개발보고서 : 개발을 위한 표준)

□ 세계은행, 2025년 세계개발보고서 발표
  ㅇ 세계은행은 12월 11일 2025년 세계개발보고서(WDR)를 발표함
  ㅇ 보고서 주제는 ‘개발을 위한 표준’으로, 표준을 경제 성장·무역·기술 확산의 기반인 핵심 인프라로 규정함
  ㅇ 개도국 발전을 위한 3A 전략을 제시하며, 한국을 전략적 표준화를 통한 산업 변혁의 대표적 성공사례로 소개함

□ 한국의 전략적 표준화 성공사례
  ㅇ 1960년대 수출주도 산업화 과정에서 국가품질인프라(NQI)를 구축하고 KS 인증마크를 도입함
  ㅇ 1963년 국제표준화기구(ISO) 가입으로 국제 정합성을 확보함
  ㅇ 1980년 헌법 개정으로 국가 표준제도 확립 의무를 명시(“국가는 국가표준제도를 확립한다”, 헌법 제127조 제2항)하고, 10개년 산업표준화계획을 추진함
  ㅇ 1990년대 이후 표준 개발 민간 참여 확대와 국제 논의 참여 강화, 최근에는 AI·5G 등 첨단 분야에서 글로벌 표준 논의에 적극 참여함

□ 세계은행의 평가와 정책 제언
  ㅇ 한국은 정부 주도 법제 정비와 품질 인프라 구축을 신속히 진행하고 민관·국제 협력을 통해 표준을 국가 발전의 전략적 도구로 활용했다고 평가됨
  ㅇ 개도국은 표준을 국가 발전에 활용하기 위해 3A 전략(적응(Adapt), 정렬(Align), 참여(Author))을 단계적으로 적용해야 함
  ㅇ 국내 표준 역량에 맞는 목표 설정과 품질 인프라 구축 병행을 강조함
  ㅇ 국제사회는 개도국 참여 지원과 계층적 표준 도입을 통해 다양한 역량 수준을 포용해야 함

□ 국제 표준의 확산과 글로벌 경제 영향
  ㅇ 보고서는 국제 표준이 식품 라벨링부터 5G 네트워크까지 경제 질서를 재편하며 선진국과 대기업에 혜택을 주는 반면, 많은 개도국은 참여 부족으로 소외되고 있다고 지적함
  ㅇ ISO 등 국제표준 제정기구에서 개도국은 평균적으로 기술위원회의 1/3 이하만 참여하고 있음
  ㅇ 2000년 이후 전체 2만여 개 ISO 표준 중 절반 이상이 제정되었으며, 2024년 한 해에만 7천여 개 표준이 발행됨
  ㅇ 일본은 전후 저품질 이미지에서 표준화와 품질관리(TQM)를 통해 글로벌 경쟁력을 확보한 사례로 소개됨




[출처]

세계은행 2025년 세계개발보고서 발표 (2025.12.11.) / 대한민국 정책브리핑

세계은행 "韓, 전략적 표준화로 산업 변혁 이룬 성공사례" (2025.12.11.) / 뉴스1

International Standards Proliferate, Reshaping Global Economy: Too Many Developing Countries Are Left Behind, Report Finds (2025.12.11.) / World Bank Group (WBG)

목차

Foreword xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Key Takeaways xxiii

Abbreviations xxv


Overview 1

Standards: The quiet catalyst 1

Standards as springboards 2

Adapt–align–author: How st andards support development 4

Standards for growth, well-being, and stability 11

Priorities for policy makers 19

The paradoxical landscape of global standards 26

Epilogue: Standards in development economics 26

Notes 27

References 28


Part 1: The Measure of Progress: How Standards Have Shaped Order, Trust, and Innovation 31

Chapter 1: A History of Standards 33

Main messages 33

Introduction 34

Measurement standards 34

Quality standards 40

Compatibility standards 46

Conclusion 61

Notes 61

References 62

Spotlight 1: The Role of Standards in the East Asian Miracle: Core Infrastructure for Global Competitiveness 67


Part 2: Navigating the Complex World of Standards and Using Them Effectively 75

Chapter 2: Using Standards as a Catalyst for Development 77

Main messages 77

Introduction 78

Understanding standards 78

How to use standards for development 86

Notes 101

References 102

Spotlight 2: International Standards Development Organizations 105

Chapter 3: Reaching the Full Potential of Standards with Quality Infrastructure 119

Main messages 119

Quality infrastructure: A public-private system for ensuring quality and trust 120

The challenge of compliance capacity in low- and middle-income countries 123

Quality infrastructure benefits competitiveness and public policy 128

How to build a well-functioning quality infrastructure system 133

Conclusion 153

Notes 153

References 155

Spotlight 3: National Standards Bodies 159


Part 3: Leveraging Standards for Development Outcomes 169

Chapter 4: Standards for a Better Economy 171

Main messages 171

Standards to increase quality and growth 172

The adoption of standards in domestic economies 173

Standards for international trade 180

Using foreign direct investment to accelerate the diffusion of standards and quality upgrading 195

Standards for technology and the diffusion of technologies to developing countries 202

Notes 211

References 214

Spotlight 4: Standards in Finance 221

Spotlight 5: Standards and Digital Public Infrastructures 231

Chapter 5: Standards for Better Human Capital 237

Main messages 237

The link between policies and standards for health care and education 238

The world’s unfinished agenda for human capital development 238

Standards for health and education 239

Adopting standards to improve quality in the health sector 241

Adopting standards to improve quality in the education sector 250

Recommendations for better standards related to human capital 258

Notes 259

References 261

Chapter 6: Standards for a Better Environment 267

Main messages 267

Worldwide environmental challenges 268

A natural case for environmental standards 269

Setting and enforcing environmental standards in practice 271

Standards for localized air pollution, solid waste, emissions of greenhouse gases, and adaptation to climate change 278

Recommendations for standards for a better environment 298

Notes 300

References 301

Chapter 7: Standards for Better Governance 309

Main messages 309

Governance standards: Helping governments deliver on their commitments 310

How standards shape the governance of organizational functions 311

Size and diversity of the public sector 314

Leveraging standards for better governance 317

Empirical evidence on the adoption and impact of governance standards 319

Reducing corruption and organizational mismanagement through governance standards 323

Policy recommendations: Adaptation of governance standards based on evidence and empowerment 332

Notes 335

References 337


Part 4: Making Standards a Springboard for Development, Rather Than a Straitjacket 343

Chapter 8: Using Standards to Shape Development and Manage Global Challenges 345

Main messages 345

Too much? Too little? Just right? 347

Recommendations for low- and middle-income countries (that other countries may also want to consider) 350

Recommendations for the global community 365

Notes 371

References 372

해시태그

#세계개발보고서 # 한국표준 # 산업변혁 # 국제표준 # 국가품질인프라 # 3A전략 # 글로벌경제 # ISO # 개도국참여 # TQM # NQI

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World Development Report: Standards for Development

(2025년 세계개발보고서 : 개발을 위한 표준)