Introduction 1

The Paris Agreement (PA): Background 2

History of U.S. Participation in the PA 2

Joining the PA 3

First Withdrawal and Rejoining 3

Second Withdrawal 3

Selected PA Provisions 4

Temperature Goals 4

Global Peaking of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 5

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to Climate Change Mitigation 6

NDC Elements 6

Timing of and Requirements for NDCs 6

Voluntary Cooperation, Market and Nonmarket Mechanisms 7

Adaptation 8

The Global Stocktake 9

Loss and Damage 10

Finance 11

Potential Effects on Climate Change Mitigation 12

Potential Domestic Economic Effects 13

Potential Effects on International Climate Cooperation 15

Congressional Interest and Options 16

Contacts

Author Information 18