Consolidated Recommendations 4

European Zeitenwende 7

Reconceptualizing European Security in a New Reality 7

European Cohesion for Security and Defense 14

Unpacking the North-South Divide 14

National Cohesion 26

A Key Element for European Resilience Against the Russian Threat 26

European Security in the Era of Hybrid Warfare 31

Active Measures in Russia‘s Confrontation with Europe 31

Deterring Russia from Military Aggression Against Europe’s NATO Allies 38

Dilemmas and the Way Forward 38

Scaling Innovation 44

Ukraine’s Military and Defense-Industrial Integration in the New Context 44