Executive summary 4

1. Introduction 8

1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 10

1.2 METHODOLOGICAL NOTE 11

2. Sectoral case studies 10

2.1 AGRITECH 16

2.2 TEXTILES 25

2.3 WOOD PROCESSING 37

2.4 MEDTECH 45

2.5 AUTOMOTIVE AND AUV 57

2.6 SEMICONDUCTORS 65

2.7 ENERGY 73

3. What Europe’s experience means for Ukraine 82

3.1 CROSS-SECTORAL PATTERNS IN AI ADOPTION 85

3.2 POLICY MECHANISMS AND ENABLING CONDITIONS 88

3.3 ADOPTION DEPENDENCIES: WHAT THE EUROPEAN EVIDENCE INDICATES 90

3.4 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS 92

Appendix 97

Bibliography and references 101