Tables, Figures, and Boxes  iv

Foreword  vi

Acknowledgments  viii

Abbreviations  ix

Highlights  x

I TRADE FACILITATION IN THE DIGITAL ERA  1

II ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRADE FACILITATION  16

III BUILDING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED TRADE FACILITATION ECOSYSTEM  32

Appendixes  45

A1: Technology Category Definitions Based on S&P Tags  45

A2: ESCAP–ADB Survey on Artificial Intelligence in Trade Facilitation  46

References  48