Title page 1

Contents 1

Abstract 1

1. Introduction 2

2. Background 3

3. Datasets and methods 4

3.1. Datasets 4

3.2. Identifying HWLT workplaces 5

3.3. HWLT workplaces: Connecting wages and tenure 7

3.4. Characterization of HWLT workplaces 7

4. A portrait of HWLT workplaces and their employees 8

4.1. Firm characteristics 8

4.2. Employee characteristics 11

5. Which HR practices are used in HWLT workplaces? 12

5.1. Incentives based on internal mobility 13

5.2. Incentives based on skill development opportunities 14

5.3. Incentives based on pay policy 14

5.4. Incentives based on voice mechanisms 16

5.5. Work organization 16

6. Discussing the results 16

6.1. Drawing the contours of an HR model? 16

6.2. Similarities with ILMs 17

6.3. France versus Britain: One model or two different models? 17

7. Conclusion 18

Acknowledgements 19

References 20

Table 1. Distribution of workplace fixed effects (FEs) on job tenure and log hourly wages, 2011 7

Table 2. Profile of HWLT workplaces, Britain and France, 2011 9

Table 3. Characteristics of employees working in HWLT workplaces, Britain and France, 2011 11

Table 4. Labour turnover and contract type, Britain and France, 2011 13

Table 5. Employment practices, Britain and France, 2011 14