Acknowledgements iii

List of Abbreviations v

Terms and Definitions vi

List of Figures ix

List of Tables x

1. Executive Summary 1

2. Introduction 3

3. Methodology: The Rapid Evidence Synthesis Approach 6

4. Applying the Methodology: Seven Evidence Syntheses for Peatland Policy 12

  4.1 Overview of evidence syntheses 12

  4.2 Building just and resilient futures with local communities 13

  4.3 Reducing GHG emissions from Southeast Asian lowland peatland agriculture 17

  4.4 Safeguarding carbon stocks by halting tropical peatland degradation 22

  4.5 Policy priorities for conserving and restoring peatlands in South America 26

  4.6 Engaging women, Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and youth in peatland restoration 30

4.7 Restoring Mountain Peatlands for Biodiversity and Climate Resilience in the Andes and Hindu Kush Himalaya 35

  4.8 Integrating peatland rewetting into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) can deliver big emission savings fast and reliably 43

5. Conclusion 49

6. References 54

7. Annex 57