Disclaimers 2

Abstract 3

  Contact 3

Acknowledgements 4

Executive summary 7

  The green transition: A familiar challenge, in unfamiliar form 7

  What the evidence reveals 7

  Where are the gaps in VET systems adaptation and how to address them? 7

1 Introduction 10

  1.1. Summary of policy tools 12

  1.2. What are green jobs and skills for the green transition? 13

  1.3. Does vocational education and training prepare for green jobs? 14

2 Policy tools for green VET 16

  2.1. Policy challenge 1: Skills anticipation for the green transition is challenging and often insufficiently integrated into VET policy 16

  2.2. Policy challenge 2: Emerging green skill needs are often difficult to translate into VET qualifications 19

  2.3. Policy challenge 3: Foundational and sustainability skills are not systematically included across all VET qualifications, and access to higher-level technical programmes remains uneven 24

  2.4. Policy challenge 4: VET teachers and trainers lack up-to-date skills 29

  2.5. Policy challenge 5: Workers in jobs most exposed to green disruption are less likely to participate in training needed to adapt to new requirements 32

  2.6. Policy challenge 6: Individuals navigating the green transition often lack access to career guidance on green jobs and training opportunities 36

3 Conclusions 40

Annex A. Supplementary tables 41

Annex B. Background questionnaire 45

References 49

Notes 56