Foreword 3

Acknowledgments 4

Executive summary 9

1 Introduction 11

  The relevance of trade facilitation 11

  Economic context 12

  The OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators 20

  References 23

  Notes 25

2 Country profile: Armenia 27

  Key areas of progress 29

  A potential roadmap for further trade facilitation reforms 36

  References 44

  Notes 46

3 Country profile: Azerbaijan 47

  Key areas of progress 50

  A potential roadmap for further trade facilitation reforms 59

  References 67

  Notes 69

4 Country profile: Republic of Moldova 71

  Key areas of progress 72

  A potential roadmap for further trade facilitation reforms 80

  References 89

  Notes 91

5 Country profile: Ukraine 93

  Key areas of progress 94

  A potential roadmap for further trade facilitation reforms 103

  References 109

  Notes 111

Annex A. Armenia: State of play by policy area and measure 112

Annex B. Azerbaijan: State of play by policy area and measure 115

Annex C. Moldova: State of play by policy area and measure 118

Annex D. Ukraine: State of play by policy area and measure 121