Acknowledgments xi

Executive Summary xiii

Abbreviations xv

Chapter 1 AI Tailwinds, Energy Headwinds 1

  Summary 3

  Global developments and outlook 4

  Developments in East Asia 8

  Sectoral developments 9

  Country developments 11

  Outlook 14

  Risks and vulnerabilities 18

    Persistently elevated energy prices 18

    Reversal in global AI activity 20

    Food insecurity and natural disasters 24

  Policy challenges 25

    Scaling up energy generation 25

    Creating jobs with low entry barriers at scale 36

    AI adoption, adaptation, and innovation 39

  Annex 1.1 Identifying spillovers from U.S. financial stress 42

  Annex B1.1 Methodology 44

  References 47

Chapter 2 AI Adoption, Adaptation, and Advancement in East Asia and Pacific 53

  Introduction 55

  AI adoption 59

  AI exposure, jobs and skills demand 63

  AI innovation 69

  Policy implications 72

  Annex 2.1 Individual AI use 85

  Annex 2.2 Measuring skill demand using Online job postings 85

  Annex 2.3 Identification of AI patents 88

  References 92