목차
Abbreviations and acronyms 9
Executive summary 13
Chapter 1. Assessment and recommendations for Korea’s policies on industry and technology 15
1.1. Improving innovation policy 17
1.2. Extending Korea’s evaluation system for R&D 18
1.3. Generating greater economic benefit from publicly supported research 20
1.4. Encouraging more start-ups and SME growth 24
1.5. A new balance between manufacturing and services 28
1.6. The Creative Economy Strategy as industrial policy 29
1.7. Concluding policy observations 29
Chapter 2. The Korean innovation system and the Creative Economy Strategy 31
2.1. Technology and innovation policy, past and present 32
2.2. Technology and innovation policy system 40
Notes 47
References 48
Chapter 3. Korea’s evaluation system for research and development 49
3.1. Evaluation of public R&D programmes in Korea 50
3.2. Evaluation of public R&D projects in Korea and other countries 53
3.3. Standard challenges in evaluating the impact of programmes 71
3.4. Principles and practices in managing evaluation findings: Insights from international experience 78
3.5. Assessment and discussion of possible ways forward 84
Notes 91
References 93
Chapter 4. Commercialising publicly supported research in Korea 97
4.1. The commercialisation record 98
4.2. Key policies and institutions 103
4.3. Emerging international experiences in commercialising public research 109
4.4. Factors hindering commercialisation of R&D in Korea and possible ways forward 120
Notes 128
References 131
Chapter 5. Encouraging more start-ups and SME growth in Korea 135
5.1. Salient features of entrepreneurship in Korea 136
5.2. Key policies and institutions 141
5.3. Reflections on policy and ways forward in Korea 147
Notes 161
References 164
Chapter 6. A new balance between manufacturing and services in Korea 167
6.1. Underdevelopment of the service sector 168
6.2. Reasons for weaknesses in the Korean services sector 170
6.3. Recent targeted policy initiatives 172
6.4. Reflections on policy options and the way forward 175
6.5. Growth opportunities in specific service activities 180
Notes 182
References 184
Annex 6A.1. Policy rationales and design for enterprise clusters and networks 187
Chapter 7. The Korean Creative Economy Strategy as industrial policy 193
7.1. Experience with industrial policy in Korea 194
7.2. Recent experience with industrial policy elsewhere 195
7.3. Merits and demerits of Sector targeting 196
7.4. The Creative Economy and sectoral priorities 201
Notes 202
References 203
Figures
Figure 2.1. GDP growth and income per capita, Korea, 1971-2011 34
Figure 2.2. The technology and innovation system in Korea, 2013 40
Figure 2.3. Share of public R&D investments by ministry, 2012 41
Figure 3.1. The R&D programme evaluation system, Korea 51
Figure 3.2. Structure of the R&D project evaluation system 54
Figure 3.3. R&D project selection and evaluation 55
Figure 3.4. The R&D project selection procedure 55
Figure 3.5. ARPA-E. Programme and project selection cycle 63
Figure 3.6. ANR project awardee selection process 69
Figure 3.7. The role of monitoring and evaluation in the policy cycle 79
Figure 4.1. Gross expenditure on research and development, by type of R&D, 2001 and 2011 99
Figure 4.2. Innovation system types, 2010 99
Figure 4.3. Business-funded R&D in the higher education sectors, 2000-12 100
Figure 4.4. Business-funded R&D in the government sector, 2000-12 100
Figure 4.5. Patents filed by universities, 2001-05 and 2006-10 101
Figure 4.6. Patents filed by public research institutes, 2001-05 and 2006-10 102
Figure 4.7. Percentage share of university patent applications and share of corporate patents citing university patents 102
Figure 5.1. Total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rates 136
Figure 5.2. Percentage of improvement- and necessity-driven entrepreneurs 137
Figure 5.3. Share of self-employed men and women 138
Figure 5.4. Percentage of high-growth enterprises (by turnover growth) 140
Figure 5.5. Venture capital investments as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or latest available year 140
Figure 5.6. Trends in venture capital investments 141
Figure 5.7. Barriers to starting a business, 2011 142
Figure 5.8. Fibre broadband penetration, 2011 144
Figure 5.9. ICT business’ expenditure on R&D (percentage of GDP), 2010 or latest available year 145
Figure 6.1. Services value added in total exports (percentage), 2009 170
Tables
Table 1.1. Korea’s innovation system: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 17
Table 2.1. Five year economic development plans, Korea, 1962-96 33
Table 2.2. Organisational history of the NSTC 45
Table 2.3. Public R&D investment, Korea, 2009-12 46
Table 3.1. Project awardee selection criteria 57
Table 3.2. Mid-term evaluation criteria 57
Table 3.3. Final evaluation criteria 58
Table 3.4. Grading scale for the final evaluation 59
Table 3.5. Industrial competitive R&D project awardee selection criteria 67
Table 3.6. Comparison of R&D project evaluation systems 71
Table.4.1. Science and technology publications 101
Table 4.2. Government research institutes in Korea 107
Table 4.3. Government research institutes income 108
Table 4.4. The main characteristics of different types of government funding for university spin-offs 118
Table 5.1. Perceptions and attitudes towards entrepreneurship in selected economies 139
Table 5.2. Business angel investment in Korea, 2000-11 141
Table 5.3. Annual R&D tax incentives, Korea, 2007-12 143
Table 5.4. Venture capital investment by industry in Korea 145
Table 5.5. Incubation centres in Korea, 2013 146
Table 6.1. Labour productivity in manufacturing and the service sector 168
Table 6.2. Share of the services sector in business expenditure on R&D (BERD): Korea and selected countries 169
Table 6.3. Researchers in services: Korea and selected countries 169
Table 6.4. Services trade balance: Korea and selected countries 170
Table 6.5. Product market regulation indicators: Korea and selected countries, 2008 171
Table 6.6. Percentage of students enrolled in vocational programmes during upper secondary education 177
Boxes
Box 2.1. The six strategies of Korea’s creative economy plan 37
Box 2.2. The main public organisations for technology and innovation 43
Box 3.1. ARPA-E’s project selection criteria 61
Box 3.2. ARPA-E’s policy factors 62
Box 3.3. The TSB’s application form and assessment criteria: The example of the ‘Infrastructure for Offshore Renewables’ programme 65
Box 3.4. Criteria for awardee selection for ANR’s generic calls 70
Box 3.5. An evaluation tool for R&D in Spain 82
Box 3.6 ‘What Works Centres’ in the United Kingdom 84
Box 4.1. Proof-of-concept centres: Two examples from the United States 111
Box.4.2. Developing a successful technology transfer office: The example of YEDA 112
Box 5.1. Policies to develop venture capital in OECD countries 153
Box 5.2. Policies to support angel investment in OECD countries 154
Box 5.3. Business support simplification: The experience of the United Kingdom 159
Box 6.1. Forthcoming measures to expand services-related infrastructure and resolve difficulties In the services industry 174
Box 6.2. OECD skills strategy for Korea: Selected findings 176
Box 6.3. Design and innovation 178
Box 6.4. Facilitating access to information and expertise beyond the STEM disciplines 180
Box 6.5. Enhancing the role of ICTs in healthcare: Insights from recent analyses 181
Box 7.1. Sectoral targeting: Evidence of efficacy 198
해시태그
관련자료
AI 요약·번역 서비스
인공지능이 자동으로 요약·번역한 내용입니다.
OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy : Industry and Technology Policies in Korea
(OECD 혁신정책 리뷰 : 한국의 산업기술정책)