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OECD reviews of innovation policy : Korea 2023
(OECD 혁신 정책 리뷰 : 한국 2023)

OECD 2023-07-31

□ OECD는 7월 31일(현지 시간) ‘OECD 혁신 정책 리뷰 : 한국 2023년’ 보고서를 발간하고, 한국 정부의 과학기술 혁신 정책에 대해 “총괄적인 혁신 정책을 개발하기보다는 (정부부처 간) 예산을 재조정해 새 우선순위에 대응하는 식이다”라고 평가함

□ 「OECD 혁신 정책 리뷰: 한국 2023년」 의 주요 지적 사항
ㅇ 과학기술과 경제발전 전략을 아우를 범정부 차원의 국가 개발 로드맵 부재
ㅇ 장기 전략 수립 대신 부처 간 기존 사업의 조정이나 예산 재조정 등으로 관리
ㅇ 연구개발(R&D) 활동이 대기업과 제조업에 집중되어 있어 중소기업, 서비스업 혁신이 뒷받침되지 않아 생산성 저하

□ OECD는 지난 2020년 과학기술정보통신부가 발표한 「과학기술미래전략 2045」와 장관 자문기구인 중장기전략위원회를 출범한 것에 대해 “과기부는 전반적인 경제발전 비전과 과학기술 전략을 연계하지 않았고, 기재부는 과학기술 분야를 고려하지 않은 채 위원회를 운영하고 있다”며 “두 부처가 명시적으로 (정책을) 조율하고 연계해야 한다”고 밝혔음

[출처] OECD “韓 과학기술 정책, 큰 그림 없이 예산조정해 대응” (2023.08.03.) / 동아일보

Foreword 3
Abbreviations and acronyms 10
Executive Summary 12

1 Overall assessment and recommendations 14
1.1. Recommendations 15
1.2. Pillar 1: Cross-cutting recommendations 16
1.5. Introduction 32
1.6. Overview of the Korean innovation system, its evolution and challenges for the future 32
1.7. Business sector R&D and innovation in Korea 40
1.8. Production, circulation, and diffusion of knowledge for a new era of innovation in Korea 47
1.9. STI governance for a new era of innovation in Korea 55
1.10. SWOT analysis of Korea’s innovation system 62
References 64
Notes 69

2 Korea’s economic performance and framework for innovation 73
2.1. Korea’s economic performance has been impressive and leads the digital transformation 75
2.2. Korea’s industry structure is largely imbalanced 83
2.3. Korea can leverage its global position to strengthen its innovation performance 97
2.4. Societal challenges put Korea’s innovation system under pressure 105
2.5. Synthesis 115
References 116
Notes 126

3 Business sector research and development and innovation in Korea 130
3.1. A general assessment of business innovation in Korea 131
3.2. Public support for business R&D and innovation in Korea 143
3.3. Imbalances in Korean business innovation 147
3.4. Ongoing developments, achievements, and a way forward 157
3.5. Korea’s start-up system 164
3.6. Concluding remarks 169
References 170
Notes 175
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4 Production, circulation and use of knowledge for a new era of innovation in Korea 176
4.1. Korea’s research and innovation performance 178
4.2. Classification of higher education and public research institutes 196
4.3. Missions of government research institutes and higher education institutions 205
4.4. Funding of government research institutes and higher education institutions 211
4.5. Governance of government research institutes and higher education institutions 219
4.6. Research infrastructures 225
4.7. Knowledge flows between higher education, government research institutes and business 227
4.8. Synthesis 236
References 237
Notes 245

5 Science, technology and innovation governance for a new era of innovation in Korea 248
5.1. The development of the Korean STI governance system 250
5.2. Overview of the Korean STI governance system 253
5.3. Providing strategic directions to steer the Korean STI governance system 265
5.4. Planning and budgeting STI policies across the government structure 272
5.5. Implementing and evaluating STI programmes and projects 278
5.6. Governance of the Korean sustainability transition 286
5.7. Synthesis 297
Annex 5.A. Korea’s main centralised governance arrangements and associated processes 298
Annex 5.B. The different levels of programmes in the Korean administrative system 300
References 301
Notes 307