목차
Title page 1
Contents 1
Executive summary 1
1. Introduction 2
2. Europe's rearmament conundrum 3
3. Obstacles to greater European defence cooperation 7
4. EU-level efforts to improve European defence capabilities 9
4.1. Supply-side policies 9
4.2. Procurement coordination 10
4.3. Loosening fiscal constraints 11
4.4. Appraisal 12
5. Two ways forward 12
5.1. Incremental progress: expanding current institutions 12
5.2. The transformational solution: a European Defence Mechanism (EDM) 14
6. Conclusion 17
References 18
Tables 5
Table 1. Number of models of main military equipment donated to Ukraine 5
Table 2. Time horizons for the development and production of weapon systems 5
Table 3. Overview of EU defence funding mechanisms 10
Figures 7
Figure 1. Self-propelled howitzer costs per unit and production annual capacity 7
Figure 2. Defence expenditure in 2024 and capital city distance to Moscow, European NATO countries 8
Boxes 4
Box 1. The European arms industry 4
