목차
Title page 1
Contents 7
Preface 4
Foreword 5
Acknowledgments 6
Executive Summary 9
1. Meeting net-zero objectives is still possible 13
Industrial policy can unleash positive tipping points, but careful design is needed 14
Policy interactions and sequencing are critical for designing effective policy packages 16
Reducing methane emissions is a cost-effective way to buy time 18
Demand-side action can speed up the transition 21
Reforming public governance to drive progress 22
2. The net-zero transition needs to bring workers and citizens on board 27
Ensuring that the transition is just and equitable 27
The government-citizen interface as a cornerstone of climate action 30
Education is essential to build citizens' sense of agency 32
3. Trade, finance and investment can accelerate climate action 36
Aligning trade and environmental policies 36
Aligning finance and investment with climate goals 39
4. Climate adaptation efforts and investments need to be intensified 43
An iterative approach to climate change adaptation policymaking 43
Financing adaptation efforts 44
5. Bridging knowledge gaps can improve the effectiveness of climate policies 48
References 50
Figures 7
FIGURE 1. A: Levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar photovoltaic (PV) vs. coal and gas, and B: share of solar PV in total electricity generation in China,... 13
FIGURE 2. Adjusting policy mixes to transition phases 15
FIGURE 3. Climate policy instruments and their progress in incentivising emission reduction 17
FIGURE 4. Successful mitigation policies and policy mixes across sectors 18
FIGURE 5. Methane abatement potential to 2030 19
FIGURE 6. Net lifetime cost of selected methane emission mitigation options 19
FIGURE 7. Energy savings per capita from behavioural changes by measure and IEA scenario, 2035 22
FIGURE 8. Global GHG emissions, by legal status of net-zero pledges 23
FIGURE 9. Implementation of green budgeting across policy areas 24
FIGURE 10. Priority areas for greening public administration in OECD countries 25
FIGURE 11. Shares of employment in green-driven and GHG-intensive occupations in OECD countries 28
FIGURE 12. Citizens' trust in government's ability to reduce GHG emissions 31
FIGURE 13. Self-reported scores on adults' sense of personal responsibility towards reducing climate change, by educational attainment (ESS, 2016 and ISSP, 2020) 33
FIGURE 14. Top 3 producers of the top 10 most production-concentrated critical raw materials 37
FIGURE 15. Emissions intensity of firms in the aluminium industry, major vs minor recipients of government support 39
FIGURE 16. Estimates of global real-economy investments supporting or undermining climate mitigation 40
FIGURE 17. The adaptation policy cycle 44
FIGURE 18. Adaptation finance for developing countries provided and mobilised in 2016-2022 per component 45
FIGURE 19. Finance sources, mechanisms and adaptation investments 46
Boxes 36
BOX 1. Energy security and the net-zero transition 36
