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Fast-tracking net zero by building climate and economic resilience : a summary for policymakers
(기후 및 경제 회복력 구축을 통한 탄소중립 가속화: 정책 입안자를 위한 요약)

목차

Title page 1

Contents 7

Preface 4

Foreword 5

Acknowledgments 6

Executive Summary 9

1. Meeting net-zero objectives is still possible 13

Industrial policy can unleash positive tipping points, but careful design is needed 14

Policy interactions and sequencing are critical for designing effective policy packages 16

Reducing methane emissions is a cost-effective way to buy time 18

Demand-side action can speed up the transition 21

Reforming public governance to drive progress 22

2. The net-zero transition needs to bring workers and citizens on board 27

Ensuring that the transition is just and equitable 27

The government-citizen interface as a cornerstone of climate action 30

Education is essential to build citizens' sense of agency 32

3. Trade, finance and investment can accelerate climate action 36

Aligning trade and environmental policies 36

Aligning finance and investment with climate goals 39

4. Climate adaptation efforts and investments need to be intensified 43

An iterative approach to climate change adaptation policymaking 43

Financing adaptation efforts 44

5. Bridging knowledge gaps can improve the effectiveness of climate policies 48

References 50

Figures 7

FIGURE 1. A: Levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar photovoltaic (PV) vs. coal and gas, and B: share of solar PV in total electricity generation in China,... 13

FIGURE 2. Adjusting policy mixes to transition phases 15

FIGURE 3. Climate policy instruments and their progress in incentivising emission reduction 17

FIGURE 4. Successful mitigation policies and policy mixes across sectors 18

FIGURE 5. Methane abatement potential to 2030 19

FIGURE 6. Net lifetime cost of selected methane emission mitigation options 19

FIGURE 7. Energy savings per capita from behavioural changes by measure and IEA scenario, 2035 22

FIGURE 8. Global GHG emissions, by legal status of net-zero pledges 23

FIGURE 9. Implementation of green budgeting across policy areas 24

FIGURE 10. Priority areas for greening public administration in OECD countries 25

FIGURE 11. Shares of employment in green-driven and GHG-intensive occupations in OECD countries 28

FIGURE 12. Citizens' trust in government's ability to reduce GHG emissions 31

FIGURE 13. Self-reported scores on adults' sense of personal responsibility towards reducing climate change, by educational attainment (ESS, 2016 and ISSP, 2020) 33

FIGURE 14. Top 3 producers of the top 10 most production-concentrated critical raw materials 37

FIGURE 15. Emissions intensity of firms in the aluminium industry, major vs minor recipients of government support 39

FIGURE 16. Estimates of global real-economy investments supporting or undermining climate mitigation 40

FIGURE 17. The adaptation policy cycle 44

FIGURE 18. Adaptation finance for developing countries provided and mobilised in 2016-2022 per component 45

FIGURE 19. Finance sources, mechanisms and adaptation investments 46

Boxes 36

BOX 1. Energy security and the net-zero transition 36

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Fast-tracking net zero by building climate and economic resilience : a summary for policymakers

(기후 및 경제 회복력 구축을 통한 탄소중립 가속화: 정책 입안자를 위한 요약)