목차
Why This Matters 1
Key Takeaways 1
What types of projects can generate carbon credits? 2
How is the amount of carbon credits for a project calculated? 3
What is the difference between voluntary and compliance carbon markets? 3
Who participates in voluntary carbon markets? 4
What are key challenges related to ensuring the credibility of carbon credits? 4
Why is assessing additionality and over-crediting a challenge? 5
What does evidence suggest about additionality and over-crediting? 5
Why is ensuring permanence a challenge? 6
What does evidence suggest about permanence of emissions reductions? 6
What can limit the transparency of voluntary carbon markets? 7
What is the current federal role in voluntary carbon markets? 7
How were federal efforts intended to affect integrity in voluntary carbon markets? 9
What additional steps could the federal government take to promote market integrity if it chooses? 9
Agency Comments 10
How GAO Did This Study 11
List of Addressees 12
GAO Contact Information 12
Bibliography of Literature Review 13
Endnotes 14
