목차
Title page 1
Contents 4
Abstract 3
Acknowledgments 7
Abbreviations 8
Summary 9
1. Introduction 11
2. Concepts and Scope 13
2.1. Guidelines for Adopting a Definition of Digital Skills 16
3. Digital Skills Competence Frameworks 18
3.1. Citizens 20
3.2. Teachers 21
3.3. Students 22
3.4. Workers 23
4. Digital Skills Assessment Tools 25
4.1. Assessment Design 27
5. Instructional Strategies for Developing Digital Skills 32
5.1. Transversal Skills 33
5.2. Basic ICT Skills 35
5.3. Specialized ICT Skills 35
5.4. Implications for Educational Design 37
6. Conclusions 41
References 43
Annexes 49
Tables 6
Table 2.1. Digital Skills Competences and Objectives as Defined by Specialized Organizations 15
Table 4.1. Types of Digital Skills Assessment 30
Table 5.1. Approaches for Instructing Different Digital Competences 32
Figures 5
Figure 2.1. Main Terms Used to Refer to "Digital Skills" 13
Figure 2.2. Key Competences for "Digital Skills" Development 14
Figure 2.3. Purposes of Using Digital Skills 15
Figure 2.4. Competence Domains and Proficiency Levels 17
Figure 3.1. Number of Digital Skills Competence Frameworks, by Target Population 19
Figure 3.2. Share of Citizens' Digital Skill Competence Frameworks Incorporating Specific Digital Competences 21
Figure 3.3. Share of Teachers' Digital Skill Competence Frameworks Incorporating Specific Digital Competences 22
Figure 4.1. Catalog of Digital Skills Assessment Types, by Target Group 25
Figure 4.2. Number of Digital Skills Assessments, by Target Group and Assessment Type 27
Figure 5.1. Approach for Designing Digital Skills Training Programs 38
Boxes 5
Box 3.1. Competence Frameworks for Training in AI 24
Box 4.1. A World Bank Large-scale Assessment Tool Example 26
Box 4.2. Examples of Digital Skills Items by Type of Assessment 28
Box 5.1. Transversal Skills Development, Country Examples 34
Box 5.2. Generative Artificial Intelligence Impact on Digital Skills 39
Annex Figures 5
Figure A1. Number of Digital Skills Competence Frameworks, by Approach Type 60
Figure A2. Share of Students' Digital Skills Competence Frameworks incorporating Specific Digital Competences 68
Figure A3. Share of Workers' Digital Skills Competence Frameworks incorporating Specific Digital Competences 68
Annex Tables 4
Table A1. Catalog of "Digital Skills" Definitions from Specialized Agencies (and Authors) Working on Digital Skills Development 49
Table A2. Overview of Digital Skills Definitions by Specialized Organizations, Categorized by Competences and Objectives (cont.) 56
Table A3. Digital Skills Definitions Used in Previous World Bank Studies 58
Table A4. Curated Digital Skills Competence Frameworks for Citizens or General Use 61
Table A5. Curated Digital Skills Competence Frameworks for Teachers 63
Table A6. Curated Digital Skills Competence Frameworks for Students 65
Table A7. Curated Digital Skills Competence Frameworks for Workers 67
Table A8. Curated Digital Skills Assessments for Citizens 69
Table A9. Curated Digital Skills Assessments for Students 73
Table A10. Curated Digital Skills Assessments for Teachers, Developed by Different Organizations 75
Table A11. Curated Digital Skills Assessments for Teachers, developed for working papers or academic studies 76
Table A12. Curated Digital Skills Assessments for Workers 81
