목차
Title page 1
Contents 4
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10
1. INTRODUCTION 13
2. GOVTECH SOLUTIONS HELPING TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE: CASE STUDIES 17
2.1. Introduction 17
2.2. Case Study: Albania's Path to Greening GovTech 19
2.2.1. Background 19
2.2.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 20
2.2.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 24
2.2.4. Key takeaways 26
2.3. Case Study: Brazil's Foundations for Greening GovTech 26
2.3.1. Background 26
2.3.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 27
2.3.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 32
2.3.4. Key takeaways 34
2.4. Case Study: Germany's Greening GovTech Approach 35
2.4.1. Background 35
2.4.2. Greenhacking the bureaucracy and service delivery (the What) 36
2.4.3. Governing the transformation (the How) 38
2.4.4. Key takeaways 41
3. MEASURING THE GOVTECH CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 42
3.1. Existing Methodological Approaches to Measuring GHG Emissions 43
3.1.1. The GHG Protocol Policy and Action Standard 43
3.1.2. International Organization for Standardization GHG emissions standards 45
3.1.3. Local-level action 46
3.1.4. The role of multilateral development banks in estimating GHG emissions 46
3.2. Greening GovTech Measurement Approach 47
3.2.1. Strengthen the legal and regulatory environment 48
3.2.2. Gather data and establish a GHG inventory 49
3.2.3. Quantify the direct impact and compare against a baseline 52
3.2.4. Consider co-benefits and indirect impacts 52
3.2.5. Maintain measurement, reporting, and verification systems 53
3.3. Implementation of the Measurement Approach 54
4. CONCLUSION 55
REFERENCES 58
Tables 21
Table 1. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives Has Albania Started? 21
Table 2. HOW Albania is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 24
Table 3. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives Has the Government of Brazil Undertaken? 27
Table 4. HOW the Government of Brazil is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 32
Table 5. WHAT Greening GovTech Initiatives has the Government of Germany Undertaken? 37
Table 6. HOW the German Government is Enabling its Greening GovTech Initiatives 39
Figures 15
Figure 1. Greening GovTech Framework 15
Figure 2. Greening GovTech: Case Studies Analytical Approach 19
Figure 3. Gov.br: Digitalization of Public Services 30
Figure 4. GHG Protocol Policy and Action Standard 44
Figure 5. Greening GovTech Measurement Approach (GGMA) 48
Figure 6. Five Steps in the GGMA Process 57
Boxes 45
Box 1. ISO 14064 Family and Other GHG Emissions-Related Standards 45
Box 2. Considerations for the Digital-Climate Regulatory Framework 49
Box 3. Key Metrics to Measure GHG Emissions from GovTech Solutions 51
Box 4. Estimating GHG Emissions Reductions from Transportation 53
