Title page 1

Contents 3

Summary 4

What is nature recovery? 4

Evidence in nature recovery decision-making 4

Data presence, access and quality 5

Collaboration, co-design and trust 5

Implementation, evaluation and monitoring 6

Acknowledgements 6

1. Background to nature recovery 7

1.1. What is nature recovery? 7

1.2. What is evidence? 8

1.3. UK progress towards nature recovery 10

2. Current evidence for nature recovery 16

2.1. Initial community engagement 17

2.2. Evidence collation 18

2.3. Collaborating and co-designing nature recovery options 26

2.4. Implementation and evaluation 28

3. Future opportunities for nature recovery 32

3.1. Aligning public and private nature markets 32

3.2. Novel techniques 32

3.3. Environmental delivery plans 36

3.4. Policy options 37

References 41

Table 1. Evidence types 9

Table 2. UK Protected areas and other effective conservation measures 12

Table 3. Examples of legislation that intersects with nature recovery in England 14

Table 4. Features and suitability of different study designs 19

Table 5. Examples of some environmental data centres and repositories 21

Table 6. Examples of projects using participatory co-design for nature recovery 27

Table 7. Examples of methods generating new data streams 33

Table 8. Policy options proposed by roundtable participants 37

Figure 1. Schematic of the feedback loops associated with biodiversity loss 11

Figure 2. Nature recovery pathway for successful implementation of evidence-based actions 17