Introduction

  Guide to the Atlas 4

  Energy in Europe 6

  The fossil import bill 7

  The trillion-euro clean tech opportunity 8

Clean tech adoption

  A quest for electrification 10

  Solar power 12

  Wind power 14

  Hydropower 16

  Nuclear power 18

  Electricity grid 20

  Battery storage 22

  Electric vehicles 24

  Heating 26

Clean tech manufacturing

  The geography of industrial transition 28

  Growing clean tech investments 30

  Solar panels 32

  Wind turbines 34

  Uranium fuel 36

  Electricity grids 38

  Lithium-ion batteries 40

  Electric vehicles 42

  Clean hydrogen 44

  Clean iron 46

  Renewable energy endowments 48

  One million jobs 50

  Subsidies 52

International context

  Clean tech trade 54

  National imports and exports 56

  The role of foreign investment 58

  China 60

  United States 62

Countries

  Austria 64

  Belgium 66

  Bulgaria 68

  Croatia 70

  Cyprus 72

  Czechia 74

  Denmark 76

  Estonia 78

  Finland 80

  France 82

  Germany 84

  Greece 86

  Hungary 88

  Ireland 90

  Italy 92

  Latvia 94

  Lithuania 96

  Luxembourg 98

  Malta 100

  Netherlands 102

  Norway 104

  Poland 106

  Portugal 108

  Romania 110

  Slovakia 112

  Slovenia 114

  Spain 116

  Sweden 120

  Switzerland 118

  United Kingdom 122

Endnotes 124

Methodology 126

Data sources 128

Glossary 130

About the authors 132