Contents

Summary 4

1 An introduction to artificial intelligence 6

1.1 What is artificial intelligence? 6

1.2 Further Reading 9

2 UK Government policy and regulation 11

2.1 Conservative governments, 2021 to 2024 11

2.2 Labour government: AI regulation 13

2.3 Labour government: AI policy 17

2.4 Stakeholder commentary on AI regulation in the UK 23

2.5 European legislation and treaties 24

3 Further reading on UK regulation of AI and UK AI policy 28

3.1 UK Government documents 28

3.2 Government Office for Science (GO-Science) publications 29

3.3 Information Commissioner’s Office publications 29

3.4 Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum 30

3.5 Commentary on UK government’s AI policy and regulation 31

3.6 UK Parliament select committee reports 32

3.7 Government responses to select committees 33