Acknowledgements iii

Abbreviations iv

Table of Contents vi

Executive Summary vii

Summary Recommendations for Policy Makers ix

Introduction 1

Barriers to NbS Implementation and Upscaling 3

  C1-Governance, policy and institutional barriers 3

  C2-Financial and economic barriers 6

  C3-Lack of systems approach and holistic integration 8

  C4-Knowledge management, communication and capacity barriers 10

Key Enabling Conditions 14

  C1-Governance, policy and institutional frameworks 14

  C2-Financial and economic aspects 18

  C3-Ensure systems approach 21

  C4-Knowledge management, communication and capacity 24

Conclusions and Key Messages 29

  Key messages 30

References and literature list 32